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(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet l.

J. S.TROTT.

I GAR BRAKE APPARATUS. I No. 545,663. k Patented Sept. 3, 1 895.

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(No Model.) 2' Sheets-Sheet 2.

J. S. TROTT. v GAR BRAKE APPARATUS.

No. 545,663. Patented Sept S, 1895.

lllllll llllllllllllll I vekz-Zon Y UNITED. STATES PATENT O FICE.

JOSEPII S. TROTT, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR OF TWO THIRDS TOWILLIAM K. CARLISLE AND WILLIAM J. STRONG, OF SAME PLACE.

CARI-BRAKE APPARATUS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 545,663, datedSeptember 3, 1895. Application filed April 5, 1894. Serial No. 506,486.(N0 model.)

' "0 all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOSEPH S. Tno'rr, a citizen of the United States,residing at Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, haveinvented a new and useful Improvement in Car-Brake Apparatus, of whichthe following is a specification.

My invention relates to an improvement in the class of fiuidoperatedmechanism for actuating the brakes on cars by liquid-pressure directedagainst the brake mechanism.

One object of my invention is to provide a construction ofliquid-pump'communicating through a conduit with the brake-levermechanism and operatively connected therewith through the liquidconfinedin the conduit to form, as it were, the operating-rod of the piston,whereby the stroke of the'latter in one direction forces the liquidagainst the brakelever mechanism, and the contrary stroke releases theliquid-pressure from'the brake-lever mechanism, and my further object isto adapt the pump referred to tobe actuated by steam-pressure.

Referring to the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a view in the natureof a diagram, showing a hand-pump form of my improved mechanism appliedto the brakes of a car, the

samebeing the form of my improvement suitable for streetcar purposes.Fig. 2 shows a longitudinal section of the telescoping-cylin der mediumthroughwhich the fluid-pressure is applied to the brake-lever. Fig. 3shows the fluid-pump in sectional elevation, and Fig. 4 is a view invertical longitudinal section of the pump with its connections forforcing it by steam-power.

A A denote the brake-beams carrying brake-shoes A and supported to beswung in contrary directions to force the brake-shoes against the wheelsB B of a car, both sets of the wheels being indicated as belonging toseparate trucks, (not shown,) though they may be respectively theforward and rear wheels of the same truck, as will be readilyunderstood.

C is the brake-lever, fulcrumed at a: to the bottom of a car (not shown)and connected by the brake-rods a" and a" from opposite sides of itsfulcrum, respectively, with the beams A and A. The lever C is fulcrumedto afiord a handle portion p of comparatively great length or as long asit maybe in its position, thereby to permit the exertion of the greaterleverage with the lesser power, and the end of the handle portion of thebrakelever should be curved, as shown, where it is confined between apair of guide-lugs q (only one of which is shown, owing to the nature ofthe views) extending from the head 0 of the inner telescoping section nof a brake-cylinder D into the rear end of the outer stationary sectionm, of which there leads the pipe Z from the lower end of the pump E.

The pump, which would be supported on the platform of a street-car wheremy improvement is applied to street-car purposes or on a locomotive in,connection with steam-cars,

comprises a cylinder 71', having heads h and k and containing apiston-head F, suitably packed about its periphery and dish-shaped orconcave on its under side, and also preferably on its upper side. Thestem ofv the piston F passes through the handle h at a suitablestufl'ing-box k, and for the hand-pump form of the device is a mere rod1', connected with the pum p-handle 'i'. For the steam-operated pump thepiston-stem is in the form of a pipe g, screwed at one end into thepiston-head F, and containing toward its upper end a telescopingpipe-section g, supported in a guide f on a suitable frame f on thecylinder-head h and having a head g at its lower end. The steam-supp] y(not shown) is connected with the outer end of the pipe-section g, whichis stationary, and below the head 9 the pipe 9 contains a sliding orgate valve e, having an operating-handle d connected with its stem andfillcrumed at so to a bearing 25 on the valve-casing. Below the valve ea steam-exhaust pipe 0 enters the pipe 9 andextends downward therein,the steam-pipe being provided near its lower end with steam-inlet portsI) and below the latter with exhaust-ports c for the steam andcondensation. In the pipe 0 is provided a vertically-operated gatewalvedevicelike that in the pipe g.

The operation is as follows: As shown, the pump-piston F is at the endof its upperstroke. The cylinder it below the piston and the pipe larefilled with liquid (as water) introduced through a valve-controlledfilling-pipe a, the

cylinder being also provided with a draw-off cock a, through which topermit any excess 5 of the liquid to discharge.

To set the brakes with the hand-pump device the handle '11 is actuatedto lower the piston F, which strikes the liquid about the edge of itsconcave base, thereby rendering the operation practically noiseless andcushioning against the liquid. the pressure also compressing the airthat is confined between the liquid and piston and partof which atleastmay come from the water. This forces the liquid below the piston againstthe head 0 of the telescoping section n of the brake-cylinder D, drivingit out against the brake-lever G and actuating it to set the brakes. Torelease the brakes thepump-handle 'i' is released or it may be forceddown by the operator to assist, and the expansion of the compressed airunder the piston F, supplemented by the weight of the brake mechanism,returns the piston to the upper end of its stroke and effects therelease of the brakes.

When the pump E is forced by steam-pressure the valve e is opened (thatin the pipe 0 being shut) to admit steam from the pipeseetion go,through the ports I), into the cylinder it above the piston, therein toexpand and force the piston down with the same elfect as that alreadydescribed, and to efi'fect the release of'the brakes and rise of thepiston F the valve e is closed to shut olf the steam-supply and thevalve in the exhaustpipe 0 opened, when the steam and the condensationthrough the ports a escape into the exhaust-pipe, followed by the riseof the piston.

What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. In a car-brake apparatus, the combination of a brake-lever connectedwith the brakebeams, a fluid pump havingits piston formed with a concavecushioning surface, and an outlet-pipe leading from the pump andprovided with an extensible liquid-operated connection with thebrake-1ever and containing the supply of liquid permanently confined gobetween said extensible connection and the pump-piston to form apiston-rod, substantially as described. a

2. In a car-brake apparatus, the combination of a brake-leverconnectedwith the brakebeams,'a steam-operated pump having anoutlet-pipe provided with an extensible fluidoperated connection withthe brake-lever, and a telescoping steam-supply pipe forming the stem ofthe pump-piston and provided with steam-inlet and exhaust ports, andvalvemechanism for controlling the steam-supply and exhaust of the pump,substantially as described.

3. In a car-brake apparatus, the combination of abrake-lever connectedwith the brakebeams, a steam-operated pump E having a piston F formedwith a concave cushioning surface, and an outlet-pipe l terminating inatelescoping brake-cylinder connected with the brake-lever, a liquidconfined in the outlet-pipe between the pump-piston and brakecylinder toactuate the latter by forcing the piston against the liquid, atelescoping steamsupply pipe forming the stem of the pumppiston andprovided with steam-inlet and exhaust ports, and valve-mechanism forcontrolling the steam supply and exhaust of the pump, substantially asdescribed.

4.- A ear-brake apparatus comprising, in combination, the brakelever 0connected with the brake-beams and having the handleextension p, a pumpE having a piston F formed with a concave cushioning surface, a

pipe Z leading from the pump and terminatingin a brake-cylinder D formedwith telescoping sections m and n, the latter being connected with thehandle portion of the brake-lever, said pipe containing the operatingliquid confined between the pump-piston and brake-cylinder, a steam-pipeforming the stem of the pump-piston and comprising the telescopingpipe-sections g and g, ports Z and c and a valve in the pipe-section gand a valve-controlled exhaust-pipe c therein, the whole beingconstructed and arranged to operate substantially as described.

' JOSEPH S. TROT'I.

In presence of- J OHN BROWN,

D. J. ZINNER.

